DEMOGRAPHIC AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR SMALL ADENOMATOUS COLORECTAL POLYPS

Violeta Hristova Janik; Aleksandar Mitevski; Biljana Bozinovska; Magdalena Genadieva Dimitrova; Elena Curakova Ristovska

Violeta Hristova Janik Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital Remedika, Skopje, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University in Stip North Macedonia
Aleksandar Mitevski Department of Surgery, General Hospital Remedika, Skopje, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University in Stip North Macedonia
Biljana Bozinovska City General Hospital 8th September, Skopje, North Macedonia
Magdalena Genadieva Dimitrova University Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
Elena Curakova Ristovska University Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia

Abstract

Introduction: Adenomatous colorectal polyps are well-recognized precursors of colorectal cancer. Identification of risk factors associated with their development remains essential for effective prevention and early detection strategies. Aim: To assess demographic and lifestyle-related risk factors associated with small adenomatous colorectal polyps, including sex, age, smoking, and positive family history of colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 205 patients with a total of 346 histologically confirmed adenomatous colorectal polyps sized 4–10 mm. All polypectomies were performed at a single center by one experienced endoscopist over a two-year period. Data on sex, age, smoking status, and family history of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Results: Adenomas were more frequently detected in male patients (54.1%) than in females (45.9%). The mean age was 53.8 years for males and 56.9 years for females. Smoking was reported in 38.5% of patients and was significantly associated with adenoma presence (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.07–2.34; p<0.05). A positive family history of colorectal cancer was present in 19.5% of patients and showed a statistically significant association with adenoma detection (p<0.05). Conclusion: Male sex, smoking, and family history of colorectal cancer are important risk factors for small adenomatous colorectal polyps. These findings support current prevention and screening concepts.

Keywords: colorectal polyps, adenomas, colorectal cancer, risk factors.